E. coli infection involves:
Bacterial Infection: Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria typically enter the body through contaminated food or water.
Attachment and Colonization: E. coli attaches to intestinal epithelial cells and colonizes the gastrointestinal tract.
Toxin Production: Some strains of E. coli produce toxins, such as Shiga toxin, which can cause severe symptoms.
Inflammatory Response: Infection triggers an inflammatory response in the intestines, leading to symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Complications: Severe cases can lead to dehydration, kidney failure (hemolytic uremic syndrome), and sepsis.
Clinical Evaluation
Symptoms: Assessment of symptoms such as diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting.
Physical Examination: Examination findings may include signs of dehydration (dry mouth, decreased urine output).
Diagnostic Tests: Stool culture to identify E. coli bacteria and tests for toxins like Shiga toxin.
Watery or bloody diarrhea.
Abdominal cramps and pain.
Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.
Fever in some cases.
Signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth and decreased urine output.
Treatment focuses on supportive care and symptom management:
Fluid Replacement: Oral rehydration solutions or intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration.
Antibiotics: In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to reduce the duration and severity of symptoms.
Supportive Measures: Rest, maintaining electrolyte balance, and avoiding certain foods until symptoms resolve.
Preventive Measures: Proper food handling and hygiene practices to prevent E. coli contamination.